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on was not affected.Together with spatially GSK525762A restricted somatic Tai expression this provides evidence that the ecdysone co activator Taiman can act as cell speci c co activator of ecdysone signalling in niche and ECs.To determine speci c cellular processes regulated by the ecdysone pathway in somatic cells proximal towards the ovarian stem cell niche,we downregulated ecdysone signalling utilizing transgenic UAS tai RNAi,UAS EcR RNAi and UAS ab lines crossed to ovarian somspeci c drivers combined with all the temperature sensitive Gal80 system to avoid the lethality caused by down regulation of ecdysone pathway components throughout developmental stages.When the co activator of ecdysone signalling Tai was downregulated or the co repressor Abrupt overexpressed in soma,mutant germaricontained many SSCs,this mutant phenotype became much more pro nounced over time resembling older ecd1ts also as JAKSTAT mutant germaria.
Similar phenotypes were observed when EcR RNAi ies were kept at the restrictive temperature,the development of germline cysts was retarded,and the ratio of fusome containing cysts GSK525762A to SSCs was decreased 2 3 occasions.Down regulation of EcR for longer periods led to an increase in the number of SSCs.Additionally,in proximity to undeveloped cysts mutant germaricontained extrsomatic cells,most likely improperly differentiated ECs.These datprovide evidence that the somspeci c disrup tion in the ecdysone pathway is causing germline differentition defects,indicating cell non autonomous function of this steroid hormone signalling.
Ecdysone signalling regulates turnover of cell adhesion proteins In an effort to analyse how mutant somatic cells trigger block in germline cyst maturation,we TCID applied an FRT recombination system to Messenger RNA compare ecdysone pathway de cient and wild variety somatic TCID cells within one germarium.Detailed analysis of tai mutant ESCs and their progeny showed that they lose their squamous shape,and form layer resembling columnar epithelium.Interestingly,these mutant cells expressed greater levels in the cell adhesion molecules b CateninArmadillo,DE Cadherin and cytoskeleton com ponent Adducin.DE Cadherin was also upregulated in abnormal somatic cells resulting from somatic overexpression of Abrupt or down regulation of EcR pointing towards attainable defects in cell cell contacts,shape rearrangement and signalling transduction processes.
These datimply that in our system the ecdysone pathway has speci c function in EC differentiation viregultion of cell adhesion complexes which might be necessary for establishment of right germline somcommunications.Possibly,when connections in between germline cysts and surrounding somare perturbed,signalling cascades GSK525762A that initiate germline differentiation are also perturbed causing developmental delay.Ecdysone signalling controls the stem cell niche formation Another method in the germarium that really should demand extremely correct regulation of cell adhesion could be the niche establish ment.If ecdysone signalling is essential to manage this method also,we would anticipate to find out abnormalities in niche formation in ecdysone pathway mutants.Recall that mutant tai animals indeed had enlarged niches and extrGSCs,phenotype not noticed in other cases analysed here.
This discrepancy may be explained by the time during the animals development when the mutation was introduced.In the tai experiment,animals were tai de cient throughout all developmental stages,which includes TCID the per iod of niche establishment.In other cases in this study the ecdysone pathway was misregulated throughout adulthood immediately after the niche was already formed and CpCs had stopped division.Also,in tai heterozygouts both the somand the germline were mutant and the germline can affect viNotch signalling the size in the niche.To prove that the niche expansion is somoriginated phenotype,we knocked down tai in somatic pre adult cells that contribute to niches utilizing the FRTbab1Gal4UASFlp system that enables to induce mutant CpC clones throughout niche formation.
As expected,germariwith tai clonal CpCs had substantially enlarged niches,which provides evidence that the ecdysone GSK525762A pathway co activator Tai is necessary throughout devel opmental stages speci cally in the pre niche cells to manage the GSC niche assembly.Possibly in tai mutant somatic cells within the larval ovary,like in ECs in adults,elevated levels of cell adhesion molecules allow them to adhere greater to germline cells and obtain additional signalling which makes them adopt the niche cell fate.To con rm that the niche enlargement is an ecdysone signalling reliant phenotype and is not connected with Tai independent function,we introduced other ecdysone pathway component mutations during the period TCID of niche development.As the majority of the tested mutant combinations affected viability,we could disrupt ecdysone signalling throughout development only viinduction of single cell clones utilizing the actoCD2oGal4,hsFlp system and viEcR overexpression.Mutant single somatic clonal cells expressing UAS ab or UAS EcR RNAi resembled niche cells by their shape a