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Different formulation approaches exist to the production of SLNs and NLCs.

Even so, in some situations combination of different methods continues to be utilized to prepare the nanoparticles. Hot high pressure Ivacaftor homogenization. In this technique, rst the lipid is/are melted at 5?10 C above its/their melting point and the drug is dissolved or homogeneously dispersed in the melted lipid. Then a hot aqueous surfactant solution is added to the drug?lipid melt and homogeneously dispersed by a high shear mixing device. Subsequently, this hot pre emulsion is subjected to a high pressure homogenizer at the same temperature. This homogenization process is repeated till the nanoemulsion of desired average particle size is obtained. The obtained nanoemulsion is then cooled down to room temperature.

However, complete avoidance of drug exposure to high temperature is impossible as the drug needs to dissolve or disperse in the molten lipid and some heat is generated during the homogenization process. Generally, scaling up of a process encounters several problems. Nevertheless, usage of the larger scale machines during HPH leads to an even NSCLC better quality of the product with regard to a smaller particle size and its homogeneity. Additionally, HPH technique is widely used and well established technique in pharmaceutical and food industry. SLN prepared by HPH can also be produced in non aqueous dispersion media as long as the dispersion medium does not dissolve the lipid, e. g., liquid polyethylene glycol or oils. The rst part of this method is similar to HPH.

In this method, rst the solid lipid is/are melted and the drug is dissolved/dispersed in the molten lipid. After that, aqueous surfactant?cosurfactant solution is added to the lipid melt with mild agitation to obtain transparent microemulsion.